1A

1. __Intro__

2. __Proving the Crisis__

3. __Causes__
 * __Environmental__
 * __Econmic__
 * __Political__

4. __Effects__
 * __Environmental__
 * __Economic__
 * __Political__

5. __Future__
 * __Environmental__
 * __Economic__
 * __Political__

6. __Solutions__
 * __Environmental__
 * __Economic__
 * __Political__

7. __Conclusion__

8. __Works Cited__

**Intro** **and Proving the Crisis**

Water scarcity is an up and coming problem in our global community today. How would we live without such a necessity? It is even shown in [|Maslow's hierarchy] that water is needed before we are able to achieve other great things,such as love and self-actualization.**("Maslow's")**

Did you know that....
 * ** " ** __1.1 billion__ ** people ** in the world do __not__ have access to safe water, this is roughly **__ one sixth __** of the world's population?
 * __ 2.6 billion __** people ** in the world do __not__ have access to adequate sanitation, this is roughly __two fifths__ of the world's population?
 * __** 1.8 million children ** die every year__ as a result of diseases caused by unclean water and poor sanitation. This amounts to around ** __5000__ deaths ** ** a __day__"? ** **("Statistics")** from [|Water Aid]
 * An estimated 300 cubic km of water will be lost through evaporation from reservoirs this year, up 50% from 2000? **("UN Makes")**
 * A person needs 4 to 5 gallons of water per day to survive?
 * Less than 1% of the world"s is...readily accessible for direct human use?
 * Water systems fail at a rate of 50% or higher?
 * Almost two in three people lacking access to clean water live on less than $2 a day?
 * At any given time, half of the world's hospital beds are occupied by patients suffering from a water-related disease?
 * The water sanitation crisis claims more lives through diseases than any war claims through guns? **("Water Facts")**

In the book __Water, The Next Great Resouce Battle__, Pringle talked about the importance of water. He used the simile water is like air; and we all know that without any air it would be impossible for us to survive in this world. He wanted to show us that without water it would also be impossible to survive. He states that water is not owned by one specific person. Water belongs to everyone and there are billions of people in this world using it and/or abusing it. * Water is the most important substance we consume **(Pringle 11)**

Blood contain; 83 percent water &gt; Bones contain; 25 percent water **(Pringle 19)**
 * Woman's bodies contain; 55 to 65 percent water. &gt
 * Man's bodies contain; 65 to 75 percent water. &gt;


 * The United States does not have a National Water Policy. **(Pringle 19)** * At certain times and places, water is like air; it does not belong to anyone it particular, and it can be used or abused freely. **(Pringle 19)** In the book __Food and Water: Threats, Shortages, and Solutions__, Tesar talks about the number of people on earth and how our water and even food supply may not be enough. But, that is a humongous problem because water is the most common substance that we need. If there is not enough for everyone then the reality is some people may die. Tesar also stated that one of the not so many things we have to improve water quality is disappearing which are wetlands. * Every year there are 90 million more people on our planet. Experts are scared that it will not be possible to provide all these people with an adequate food and water supply. **(Tesar 32)** * Wetlands are disappearing and wetlands help improve water quality by filtering out nutrients. **(Tesar 33)** * Water is the most needed and the most common substance on earth but supplies are no unlimited. **(Tesar 64)**

How would you like to drink and use water from the sewer? In a village in [|Burkina Faso], the quality of their water is equal to what we, as Americans, would put in our sewers. Imagine using that water to do cooking and washing. A woman, in Burkina Faso, lost her 18 month old baby due to the unsafe water there. The water's pollution might have something to do with the fact that 88% of Burkina Faso have to go to the restroom in the street or open country. As we turn on faucets, the women in the villages of Burkina Faso must dig holes into drying riverbeds to search for whatever water they may find. Forty-nine percent  of the people there do not have access to clean water.**("Engineer")**

In parts of Africa, the Guinea worm disease is present. It causes such an intense pain and a burning where the worm is located that it cripples the human that it is in. This causes the children not to be able to go to school and the farmers not to be able to farm.**(“Carter”)** A food shortage comes from the disability of the farmers. In southeast Nigeria, rice farmers in one county lost 20 million dollars in a year because of an outbreak of the disease. So not only is it horrible for the people, it effects the economy around them too.**(“Impact”)** All this comes from the lack of safe drinking water. “Guinea worm disease is contracted when a person drinks stagnant water that is contaminated with microscopic water fleas carrying infective larvae.” **(“How”)**    -For video of the **Guinea worm disease**, please click link :   But not only is clean water shortage a problem globally, it is one we all face in our very own communities too. Chesapeake, Virginia has had problems with their water for a while. Most recently, they had a golf course built on top of [|fly ash]  which contaminated the well waters around the golf course. **("'Fly'")** Jay-Z a worldwide well known rapper and song writer also addressed the problem with water shortages and poor sanitation in Africa. Jay-Z teamed up with M.T.V. and the United Nation to help make safe water available for everyone. When Jay-Z seen the conditions in which the young lady that gave him a tour lived in and the lake she obtained water from he knew there was no way this water could be sanitary. So, Jay-Z could not leave without making sure that the village he visited had safe drinking water. http://www.youtube.com/v/K1m4ZIcJMoY&amp;hl=en

**__Causes__

-Political-** Water quality as well as quantity is suffering in this day and age. In the US, many city councils have issued the adding of fluoride to the city’s water supplies. Originally, cities fluoridated their water to help prevent tooth decay. Now, however, problems have occurred because of this “miracle water”:  *  First off, it seems that fluoride works best when applied directly to teeth. When applied inadvertently in water, not only is it not as effective, but also has negative side effects, such as decaying of children’s IQ. * Second, it appears too much fluoride is in the water, and it is in fact damaging people’s teeth. * To be sure, fluoridated water has shown positive signs, otherwise 2/3 of US cities and towns wouldn’t be using the program  *  However, long term use might end up far worse then the instant results. In fact, “It could turn out to be one of the top 10 mistakes of the 21st century,” says Hardy Limeback of the University of Toronto  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4BvOHACfalI - WSMV TV 4 Nashville On a National scale, water scarcity is also rampant. One of the largest problems closest to home is the Rio Grande River treaty between the US and Mexico: · The US and Mexico signed a treaty to dam the Rio Grande River and create a giant reservoir. One third of the river above the dam should go to south Texas. · However, the reservoir, due to drought and large population growth, now holds only one twelfth of its original capacity. Therefore, the treaty is crumbling, and the US and Mexico may be on the brink of political conflict. · The treaty terms now show that Mexico owes the US 456 billion gallons of water, which they cannot return when they are struggling just to provide water for their own people. · Enrique Martinez, governor of Coahuila (state which borders Texas) says, “I think the struggle for water will be the gravest problem of this century.” (Weiner) Globally, water is an even larger problem. Consumption of water around the world rose by more than double the population growth in the 20th century. Also, water is distributed unequally worldwide. Only 34 countries hold over two thirds of drinkable water sources. All too soon people will have to migrate out of their home states in order to find enough water, turning them into a term coined “water refugees.” A WRI report by the UNEP indicates 300 areas around the globe where water shortage could set off war. This seems especially true in the case of the Middle East. Israel, foreseeing the dangers of water depletion, is taking great measures to save up and protect their water supply. These precautions may even prove as a invaluable weapon against other Middle Eastern countries in future years. (Sid-Ahmed) In fact, Israel has become so protective of water they have caused great tension between the surrounding nations. They have asserted many claims of how their neighbors are trying to steal their water supply, such as the 2003 claim that Beirut changed the Wadi al-Uyun water course in South Lebanon. (BBC Monitoring) The cause of our water safety and shortage is affected by not only political and enironmental causes, but economic as well. The effects are on a local, national, and global scale. * Water supply and sanitation require outstanding investments toward pipes, pumps, water treatment, and other infrastructures. The sources of this money are user or public funds. Sometimes a combination of both. ("Water Resources") * Due to inadequate investments in supply and treatment infrastructure, even where water is not scare, it is rarely clean. (Butler) * China demands massive amounts of water and they hardly have enough to satisfy these needs. (Butler) * African countries do not have high income, so the cost of clean drinking water is difficult to meet. ("Food") * Sprinkler irrigation systems are costly and soak leaves which takes up needed water. (Eason)
 * __Economic__**

Many of the world's water shortages are caused by environmental factors such as climate change and drought. Due to rising temperatures, many glaciers are melting at an unprecedented rate. "Communities living below glaciers have long relied on them for 'fossil water' that melts slowly from their lower reaches and is replaced by fresh snowfall." ("Shanahan") "It's especially clear that regions in Asia and South America are headed for a water supply crisis because once that fossil water is gone, it's gone," says Tim Barnett, leader of the US-based Scripps Institute of Oceanography team. "This water will not be replaced." ("Shanahan") In the last 30 years, glaciers in Peru have shrunk by 25 percent. Asia's Himalaya-Hindu Kush region is also in danger of melting glaciers. ("Shanahan") Rising temperatures also cause less rain and snow in the world's mountains. "Drinking water shortages caused by drought are affecting more than 570,000 people in northeast China's Liaoning Province." ("Xinhua") Between January 1 and February 24, China's rainfall averaged 96.5 percent less than usual.
 * __Environmental__**

The environment plays a huge role in how the world works. It provides us with what we need, in most cases water, and is a necessity to humans. The water crisis is a huge problem that’s taking over the world as we know it. Of course, there has to be cause to have such a terrible effect on our lives; and one cause is the way we treat our environment.  ·  Pesticides that are put in roadsides, farm fields, and lawns run off into local streams and nearby rivers. From there, it drains into ground water which eventually affects the fresh water we drink everyday.  ·  The main chemical that is deposited into the fields is Atrazine. Atrazine along with other chemicals are added more by home owners than farmers surprisingly.  ·  http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Atrazine.com. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3MxrH4lN0-A movie on how altrazine effects lawns and frogs.  ·  Other pollution include: sewage, manure, and chemical fertilizers. These fertilizers have compounds that when loaded into the ground, cause nutrient type water pollution. Mostly nitrogen oxides. [|http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/nitrogen%20oxide.com. Effects of the Causes  ·  When nutrients are used too much, they over-stimulate the production of algae and plants when ran off into streams and water sources.  ·  This can also back fire creation a major over growth of these plants and it clogs waterways and blocks sunlight to deeper waters and kills fish and plant life. This creates dead zones.  ·  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_zone_(ecology).com. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·  When vegetation is grown with these harmful chemicals, when cut down or eroded away the roots in the soil die and the residue is free to drift into close water. This produces animal and plant biodiversity. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·  http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/biodiversity.com. This is becoming an epidemic for Virginia Beach. The states and cities continue for about fourteen years now about water foundations. Virginia Beach is getting caught up in law suits and emergencies trying to save neighborhood water systems from failing. And it’s not working. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·  “Virginia and North Carolina fought for many years over Virginia Beach’s plan to create a 76 mile pipeline to tap Lake Gaston. Virginia wins.” (“Local”) <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·  “After the floodwaters receded late last week at the Lake Kilby water treatment plant the question began to swell…” (“Simpson”) <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·   “Norfolk has two water treatment plants, which are well-skilled to bring in 108 million gallons of fresh water per day. It draws from lakes, rivers, and wells around Hampton Roads and it treats Lake Gaston which is now shared by Portsmouth. But reports say that Portsmouth’s’ water is still unclean.” (“Simpson”) Globally, children loose their lives to curable diseases. This crisis stretches its arms of terror far and wide. Luckily some people know why. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·  “Countries such as the US, Canada and Australia were backed by the United Nations {to help out more poverty stricken countries} but did not comply…” (“Clover”) <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·   These countries wanted to help by “multifunctional” agriculture which includes goals like climate change and adaption, poverty reduction and water conservation. “If this works everyone can feed and get water their selves.” (”Clover”) <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·  http://www.landstewardshipproject.org/mba/MFAReview.pdf.com. My sourcesdon’t know how to put them in order. # Clover, Charles. “London (UK) Global Crisis__.” Daily Telegraph__ [London] 23 Apr. 2003, sec. B: 3B. 22 Apr. 2008 http://www.grinningplanet.com/2003/09-06/globalcrisis-article.htm. # Simpson, Elizabeth. __Virginia Pilot__ [Norfolk, Virginia] 19 Sept. 1999: 2. 22 Apr. 2008 http://wudcreatebiggerfees/virginia.com. # Jeantheau, Mark. __“Water Pollution.”__ Grinning planet. Set.-Oct. 2005. 22 Apr. 2008 http://grinningplanet.com/2005/09-06/water-pollition-cause-article.htm. # “Local Crisis.” Rev. of __Whose Water?__ __Charleston__ __Gazette__ [Charleston, West Virginia] 3 Jan. 2003, sec. D: 4. YAY MY STUFF IS UP YAY!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ~Sharae. == __**<span style="FONT-SIZE: 110%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive">Effects **__ = __**<span style="FONT-SIZE: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Enviromental **__ == = //<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">** About half or more of human population will be living with water shortages, worn out fisheries and, dirty coastlines within 50 years.("Water shortages") ** **<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">Some developing countries could be looking at a water shortage, agricultural problems and drying up lakes.("water shortages") ** // = = =
 * **<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">In Darfur, the loss of drilling equipment used for getting clean water for the people of North Darfur is a worrying for UNICEF.("UNICEF") ***


 * <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">*In Africa, venders are selling dangerous and polluted water for highly inflated prices. *


 * To fix this issue, water Aid is collaborating with partners to help regulate the water.("Water Aid") ** *
 * <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">
 * 75% of the water supply, of the city was destroyed when underground pipes burst.("Markman") ** *
 * <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">
 * The drilling of millions of wells has pushed water withdrawals beyond the recharge of many aquifers.("Brown") ** *
 * <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">
 * In a few years, water scarcity will have been translated into food scarcity. ("Kirby") ** *

Ground run-off like from lawns, parks, roads, parking lots, and from fields have liquid waste. These liquids includes farm and lawn chemicals, motor oil emptied on the ground, liquid factory wastes flushed into gutters and surface waters, and chemicals applied to urban streets parking lots, and playgrounds. The chemicals may be carried to underground aquifers which contaminate readily supply economic quantities of water to wells or springs. ("Wandschneider and Barron") Contaminated water that can’t be replaced can become a kind of rural anarchy. (“ ** Water Resource” ** ) A kind of a rural anarchy can be where the entire fabric of agricultural society is likely to come undone. Effects on ground water quality poses no financial cost to the farmers, unless the farmer is also a groundwater consumer. Soil-applied chemicals that leak into groundwater cause an economic externality. An externality is the direct effect of one party’s action on another party without any payment or compensation. ("Wandschneider and Barron") (" //Johnston, Selwyn")// An effect on health and welfare to society creates real costs. Using soil and aquifer for waste disposal is greater than the private costs from the farm operator’s point of view, which is private cost and social cost do not match. The failure of private and social cost to match creates inefficiency to the economy. Resources are wasted, and total output of goods and services in economy falls. This is called “market failure.” When private and social cost match, markets are free and competitive, and there are no externalities. ("[|Wandschneider and Barron]") Chlorination of water can kill bacteria that can cause diseases, but it can have little effect on virus and other chemicals. ("Pringle 35") Before chlorine could react to large water companies, the EPA say the cost of a filter of granular activated carbon to remove THM’s (Trihalomethanes) or remove organic materials would add four to seven dollars to water bills for a family of four. ("Pringle 47") In the countries of Egypt, Ethiopia, and Sudan, they all face growing grain deficits as a result of water shortages.("Brown") Some effects of water scarcity or contamination: * Nearly 3million people in Niger faces huger * An estimated 31.1 million people of across the continent of western Sudan faces food shortages * Industrial fails to meet its needs * Inconvenience in consumer level across the world * Cost of living increases * Social and international competition for water resources ("[|WaterResources]") Renewable water resources per capita has drop down from 3,500 cubic meters (m3) in 1960 to 1,500 m3 in 1990. The World Bank projects say that there will be only 667 m3 per person by 2025. Ten countries' including Gaza's, water use already surpass a 100 percent of renewable supplies. Deterioration in water quality exceeds water quantity problems.
 * __Economic__**

The burden from adjusting to water scarcity is due to the of the agricultural sector. The water economic value in farming is a lot less than for domestic or industrial use. The position of powerful interest groups rejects such reallocations. Government water management system suffers from the lack of funds and from organizational cultures which were supose to be for the situation of relatively abundant water. Mostly, in regional rivers and aquifers cross international frontiers. Political inhibit economic and engineering solutions could favor managing a river basin as a unit. The example of the tensions between Syria and Turkey dramatically remind us, water issues can greatly exacerbate already tense interstate relations in the region. ("Richards, Alan") Water is needed for large food imports. The Middle East region is the least food-self-sufficient in the world. During the 1980s, demand growth decreased due to declining incomes and the respond for supply increased in the 1990s. The growth rate of the agricultural sector decreased from 4.5 percent in the 1980s to 3.3 percent, 1990- 95. In the region, more land, more water, more fertilizer, more machines and more labor has been used in the agricultural sectors just to keep up with population growth. The water is at great risk when at food self-sufficiency. In this case, it is an economically foolish approach to the problem of food security. The Middle East region exports in order to eat.("Richards, Alan")


 * __<span style="FONT-SIZE: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive">Political __**
 * **__Community Politics-__**Local Chambers, rotary clubs, trade associations, and special groups campaigns are trying to persuade agencies, such as the congress, that a political power consensus exists within the project. The problem that’s occurring in the water industry is the difficulty in searching for a consensus relating to the problems of contamination. The water agencies are caught between the conflicting parties of the industrial and residential that they attempt to remove themselves as a participant in the project and a source of criticism. (Gottlieb) *


 * Middle East-Because of the lack of rainfall, the Israeli government has decided to pump less water to Jordan, which was compromised in a treaty. However this a stupid move by PM Netanyahu’s Government because it was suppose to show how the Israeli government was going to support Jordan’s new king, Abdullah. Most Mid-Eastern countries suffer from water shortages and are used as a political issue. (Isseroff) * Water Wars-In June 1994, Adel Darwish gave a lecture about water shortages during the Geneva conference and he talked about how much renewable water will be available in the future for the Middle East.


 * * **The Annual Renewable fresh water Available Per Person ranked by 1990 Availability in Cubic Meters** Country 1955 1990 2025
 * Kuwait 147 23 9
 * Qatar 808 75 57
 * Bahrain 1,427 117 68
 * Saudi Arabia 1,266 306 113
 * UAE 6,196 308 176
 * Jordan 906 327 121
 * Yemen 1,098 445 152
 * Israel 1,229 461 264
 * Tunisia 1,127 540 324
 * Algeria 1,770 689 332
 * Libya 4,105 1,017 359
 * Morocco 2,763 1,117 590
 * Egypt 2,561 1,123 630
 * Oman 4,240 1,266 410
 * Lebanon 3,088 1,818 1,113
 * Iran 6,203 2,203 816
 * Syria 6,500 2,087 732
 * Turkey 8,509 3,626 2,186
 * Iraq 18,441 6,029 2,356
 * Sudan 11,899 4,792 1,993
 * // * Figures of population growth in the Middle East leaves little room for optimism. // (Darwish)

**__   Future:    __** It is the general consensus that the increase in droughts world-wide is caused by Global Warming. This will lead to and is already in the process of shortening our water supply to where there is not enough for our exploding populations. Further more, because of the increase in temperatures, ice caps will melt worldwide. This will mean that the interior of continents will be dry dust bowels and the edges will be constantly flooded. Not only that but current desalination plants, which produce the most freshwater for countries like Kuwait that are mostly desert, are on the current shoreline. Below is a map of the shoreline of the United States after a 66 meter increase in sea level: "Because of the stories about global warming are more spectacular, it's true that the public started to forget about the water shortage problem," warned the president of World Water Council, Loic Fauchon. (Yinanc) If the world does not act **__now__** the world will face a crisis unimaginable and far worse than anything else it has experienced since human kind began. It is believed that by 2025, two thirds of the world's population could face **__high water shortages__** and there would be around five billion people around the world that will live in areas that will have a slight chance to even none to meet the basic water needs like drinking, cooking, and sanitation. (Zarb) ** __Amazon Drought of 2005__ ** Water shortages caused by the warming trend of the Amazon region will lead to a permanent drought of the Amazon River Basin. These are images from the 2005 drought. It was called one of the worst droughts in the history of the Amazon Basin. These images would be spread over the entire basin and even worse. It would become the Great Amazon Desert. ("Introducing") Pictures of the disaster: [|ScrutinyHooligans.com] ** __Climate Change__ **Countries that go through water shortages already will be the first ones to have climate changes. The water scarcity will rise globally by **__20 percent__** because of climate changes. The food security, extreme events like droughts and floods, health, and ecosystems will change dramatically if everyone in the world does not change their ways on how they use water. Meaning our world needs to **__conserve__** water and use water properly and not waste it for the better future. For food security vegetation is sensitive when it comes to climate changes because of the increase in temperature changing especially in the tropical and subtropical. Extreme events like avalanches, mudslides, and floods will cause a lot of damage to any country's land. Also people are in high risk in getting diseases especially in the tropical area. Lastly, many species are in an increasing risk of being extinct.("Water") Water Crisis Video [|**http://youtube.com/watch?v=eOczRzJcBvQ**] <span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Porky',s"> Solutions **__<span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,102); FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'"> Political __** ==**Solutions for the water crisis must be found within the government. The government extends control over various water systems and has the power to make or break water management programs. Citizens also play a role in the political side of the water crisis solutions. When the time comes to vote for a new leader of a country, voters have the opportunity to support the candidate with the most water values. At the election, the candidate with the most votes wins. It is the voters’ responsibility to vote for the person with the most potential for improving the water crisis. In places like Accra where the government has not maintained its source of water, Volta Lake, it becomes apparent just how important a role the government plays in water. Water systems must be looked after, whether it involves fixing leaky pipes or just making fresh water transport run more efficiently. In today’s world, water is no longer available everywhere and is limited. To find a solution to this situation, the people of the world must voice their concern for the future of water and get involved in any way possible.**== ==<HTTP: 200803271184.html stories www.allafrica.com>= <span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,102); FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'"> **__<span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,102); FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS'"> Environmental __**-"
 * **For Video about the water in the**
 * **Middle East click here:** http://youtube.com/watch?v=3wnkdMqKbdY

If we would all just turn the water off when we are not using it!" -Zach D. **LIFESTRAW-** -"Half of the world's poor suffer from waterborne disease, and nearly 6,000 people - mainly children - die each day by consuming unsafe drinking water." (Lifestraw) -"LifeStraw® water purifiers have been developed as a practical way of preventing disease and saving lives, as well as achieving the Millennium Development Goal of reducing by one-half the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe water by the year 2015." (Lifestraw) -"LifeStraw® Personal and LifeStraw® Family are complimentary point-of-use water filters - truly unique offerings from Vestergaard Frandsen that will help people obtain safe drinking water at home and outside - paving the way for swiftly and effectively accomplishing the VF and MDGs." (Lifestraw)    <HTTP: lifestraw.htm www.vestergaard-frandsen.com> **  Can Ocean Desalination Be A Solution? **  ·   Ocean desalination is the process of taking salty ocean water, passing it through a filter, and distilling it to the point where it is potable. ·  Although it seems good now, many scientists point out environmental consequences. ·  “On the environmental front, widespread desalination could take a heave toll on the ocean’s ecosystems and biodiversity.”  ·   “Ocean desalination hides the growing water supply problem instead of focusing on water management and lowering water usage.”  ·   Despite the consequences, this practice is becoming more and more common. ·  “Environmentalists may just have to settle for pushing to “green” the practice as much as possible in lieu of eliminating it altogether.” **(West)** ** One Thirsty Town’s Answer to Water Shortage  **    ·   “Residents have devised ways to capture and reuse rainwater to help solve the shortage”  ·   “Wanting to come up with their own solutions, Chennai residents started digging bore wells deep into the earth, right in their backyard even as surface water bodies dried up during years of drought.”  ·   “Rainwater, which collects in driveways and rooftops of buildings, is now channeled through filtration pits and funneled into existing tanks and wells.”  ·   “The renovated temple tank with its greenish water offers reassuring evidence that efforts to harvest rainwater here have begun to yield results.” **(Venkatraman)**  * "By learning to better capture the rainwater, for instance by building resevoirs, local farmers would be able to harvest the water during the dry spell periods and use it and distribute it as necessary.Today, such methods of harvesting rainwater for protective irrigation is becoming common practice in parts of India and China." [ found on an Adobe link and i dont know how to cite it ] **( - Ayana ! )**


 * 60% of the world's 227 largest rivers are severely fragmented by dams, diversions and canals, leading to the degradation of ecosystems. &gt; //Source: UNESCO **(Ayana ! )**// <HTTP: sa node.asp?node="52" www.siwi.org> * Water intensive non-native trees can be removed and education programs teaching farmers how to minimise water waste can be implemented because ultimately the worlds farmers' hold most of the earth's water resources. [ found on an Adobe link and i dont know how to cite it ] **(Ayana ! )** <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-FAMILY: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif"> **__<span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,78)">

Economical __**

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Darwish, Adel. "Water Wars." __Mideast News__. June 1994. 27 Apr. 2008 <HTTP: WaterWars.htm www.mideastnews.com>

Eason, Henry. __Nation's Business.__ Washington August 1983. Vol. 71 Iss. 8 pg.22,4 pgs. 23 April 2008. "Engineer visits Africa to raise awareness of water shortage." ARUP. 22 April 2008. <HTTP: feature.cfm?pageid="8182" arup www.arup.com>

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