2B

toc Water, Water, ANYWHERE?!

media type="youtube" key="aBj6OqSKqD4" width="425" height="350"

Currently, our world is experiencing water scarcity, in which water all around the globe is either unsanitary from natural disasters, global warming, and pollution. Environmental, political, and economical factors impact the severity of water shortage and are the main causes. This matter has become a significant one as it greatly impacts our society, environment and economy. However, evidence of proof that this has become an issue, causes that affect the issue, effects of the causes, possibilities of the future if nothing is done, and solutions to the issue aid us in becoming educated on the topic and developing ways to create a sustainable solution.



=**__I. PROOF __**= __**Background** "Water Shortage-__ is used to describe an absolute shortage where levels of available water do not meet certain defined minimum requirements. The actual quantity that determines per capita minimum may differ from place to place." (Lenntech-Droughts and Water Shortage)  

("Water Crisis)

Fifty percent of the Earth’s population, or 3,331,966,242 people, lack adequate water sanitation. Contaminated water causes eighty percent of diseases in the developing world. Fifty percent of people in developing countries suffer from one or more water-related diseases. A child dies from a water-related disease every eight seconds. (ENN) Even if you look beyond the deaths of children, 19-20% of all deaths in the world are water-related, and also preventable. (Overview) Death is even more common in third world countries, especially because their doctors and medical systems are so overwhelmed with patients. It is estimated that doctors have to treat up to 200 patients a month, just for water-related diseases! (Sharp) Imagine how many more people die waiting for treatment while water patients are treated. According to __The Wall Street Journal__, 1 in 6 people do not have access to clean water. (Cui) So even if they can find something to drink, there is a 1 in 6 chance that you may get sick from the diseases in the water, which ends you up at the over-crowded treatment center, which just leads to more money being spent, when the problem is fixable. (See "Solutions" to find out how.) Mostly, the lack of clean drinking water is because many underdeveloped coutries lack basic sanitation. In fact, 40% of the world is without basic sanitation (Overview)

=**__ II. CAUSES __**  = = =

A. Environmental
=   = Climatic change and variability can be a cause of water shortage. "Climatic change is linked to the emission of greenhouse  gases <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">       <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">      (like Carbon Dioxide) which is disrupting weather patterns ."("Water Scarcity"). The new weather could lead to a drought or more water, which is linked to global warming. Floods from more water pollutes cle <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">an water, while droughts cause massive evaporation/dryi <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">ng out of clean water, crop damage, and steam flow reduction. These components and pollution are the main causes of water shortage. Pollution comes from chemicals, raw sewage, and run off that drains into groundwater. 100,000 gasoline storage tanks are leaking chemicals into groundwater, and billions of raw sewage is sent into rivers/lakes and bays everyday in the US. ("Study Says") Local causes play a very important part in water scarcity. Not all causes of water scarcity are from a global aspect. Some local causes are: (Len Abrams)
 * Population growth
 * Food production
 * Climatic change and variability
 * Land use
 * Water quality
 * Water demand
 * Sectoral resources and institutional capacity
 * Poverty and economic policy
 * Legislation and water resource management
 * International waters
 * Sectoral professional capacity
 * Political realities
 * Sociological issues

__Population Growth__ The world's population, at nearly 6 billion, is growing by about 80 million people each year. This number implies an increased demand for freshwater of about 64 billion cubic meters a year—an amount equivalent to the entire annual flow rate of the Rhine River ( [|Clarke,R.] ). While population growth rates have slowed somewhat, the absolute number of people added to the population each year—the relevant figure when considering the availability of and need for freshwater—remains near historic highs. For example, because nearly 2 billion people have been added to the planet since 1970, per capita availability of water is one-third lower now than it was then (Postel,S.)

__Food Production__ Water for agriculture is critical for food security. However, water for irrigation may be threatened by rapidly increasing nonagricultural uses in industry, households, and the environment. In many arid or semiarid areas-and seasonally in wetter areas-water is no longer abundant. The high economic and environmental costs of developing new water resources limit supply expansion. Therefore, even new supplies may be insufficient. Whether water will be available for irrigation so that agricultural production can provide for national and global food security remains an urgent question for the world. Withdrawal refers to water removed from a source, some of which may be returned to it and reused. Consumptive use is the water withdrawn from a source and actually consumed or lost to seepage, contamination, or a "sink" where it cannot economically be reused. Under the baseline scenario, total global water withdrawals for agricultural, domestic, and industrial use are projected to increase 23 percent from 1995 to 2025. Projected withdrawals increase 28 percent in developing countries. Global consumptive use of water will increase by 16 percent, the vast majority in developing countries, where consumptive use across all sectors will increase by 18 percent. Non-irrigation water demand will increase by 62 percent worldwide, 96 percent in developing countries, and 22 percent in developed countries. Consumptive use of water for irrigation worldwide will grow only 3.9 percent, which is significantly lower than the 12 percent increase in the rate of water use to meet full demand for irrigated crops. Of critical importance, the slow growth in irrigation water supply, especially in developing countries, will be due to water supply constraints and high non-irrigation demand, which will increase water scarcity for irrigation. Investments and policy reforms in water and irrigation management will be significant determinants of future food production, demand, prices, and trade. Rapidly growing municipal and industrial water demand in developing countries will increase water scarcity for agriculture, and with a continued slowdown in water investments, could be a serious threat to future growth in food production. Food production, demand, trade, and prices will be affected. (Kuylenstierna,Johan)

__Climate Change__ <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: rgb(17,17,17)"> As climate change becomes the No. 1 environmental issue around the world, it presents a new framework for evaluating – and gives greater urgency to – a host of other sensitive environmental issues, such as loss of biodiversity, desertification, natural disasters, and water scarcity. Even as policymakers debate ways to limit global warming by decreasing the emission of greenhouse gases, there is a growing sense that no level of human response can completely forestall the effects of climate change in coming decades. That's why adaptation is so critical. Water scarcity is not just a problem in arid regions; even in the lush tropics of Costa Rica, communities experience water scarcity due to deforestation and intensive agriculture. Water quickly becomes scarce when communities, industry, agriculture, and natural ecosystems all depend on the same source. That competition is expected to intensify as climate change affects precipitation patterns around the globe, potentially depleting natural water reservoirs. Up to 75 percent of the water supplies for the Western United States come from snow pack. As glaciers and snow pack decrease with warming temperatures, this natural water reservoir will be depleted, threatening Western water supplies. A similar pattern is predicted in other mountainous areas, such as the Andes and the Himalayas – an area that supplies water to 1 billion people. ("Freshwater")

__Water Demand__ Water scarcity may be the most underestimated resource issue facing the world today. As world water demand has more than tripled over the last half-century, signs of water scarcity have become commonplace. Some of the more widespread indicators are rivers running dry, wells going dry, and lakes disappearing. Among the rivers that run dry for part of the year are the Colorado in the United States, the Amu Darya in Central Asia, and the Yellow in China. China's Hai and Huai rivers have the same problem from time to time, and the flow of the Indus River —  Pakistan's lifeline  —  is sometimes reduced to a trickle when it enters the Arabian Sea. The Colorado River, the largest in the southwestern United States, now rarely makes it to the sea. As the demand for water increased over the years, diversions from the river have risen to where they now routinely drain it dry. A similar situation exists in Asia, where the Amu Darya —  one of the two rivers feeding the Aral Sea  —  now is dry for part of each year. With the sharp decline in the amount of water delivered to the Aral Sea by the Amu Darya, the sea has begun to shrink. There is a risk that the Aral could one day disappear entirely, existing only on old maps. Another way of looking at water security is the amount of water available per person in a country. In 1995, 166 million people lived in 18 countries where the average supply of fresh water was less than 1,000 cubic meters a year —  the amount deemed necessary to satisfy basic needs for food, drinking water, and hygiene. By 2050, water availability per person is projected to fall below the 1,000-cubic-meter benchmark in some 39 countries. By then, 1.7 billion people will in effect be suffering from hydrological poverty.(Brown,Lester)

==<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"> B. Political==
 * The governments of China and India are creating plans to produce more biofuels. This production could lead to a shortage of water. This water is needed to grow their crops that feed their growing population. ("Study Says")
 * China has become the world's 3rd largest producer of bio-fuels. This means using thousand of gallons of water to produce corn; and using more water to turn that corn into ethanol. (Mukherjee, Andy)
 * <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">"Gurdev Hira, an expert on soil and water at Punjab Agriculture University in Ludhiana ,estimates that the energy used to subsidize rice production in the region c osts $381 million a year." (CNN)
 * "India's power sector loses as much as $9 billion a year subsidizing farmers' use of electric pumps. That's half of what the country spends on health and twice what it spends on education. Says Shreekant Gupta, a professor of economics at Delhi University: "It's a classic example of bad economic policies having serious environmental consequences." (CNN)

C. Economic[[image:mideast-water1.jpg width="330" height="312" align="right"]]
A country's economy has a great effect on the development of their water system and sanitation policies. "Financial shortage and failure to manage institutions often limits a country's water production and potential. Because authorities are often short of funds in order to improve systems and develop new ones, water has become even more scarce. Their inability to tune in with cost-effective strategies and public demand is a great cause of global water scarcity. Within many institutions the water tends to be incongruently distributed and in many systems, waste and leakage is at a high level." (Managing Water Scarcity)

"Because all countries are not congruently developed, the developed countries with rivers propose treaties with certain requirements that involve other countries and their ability to access that water. This becomes a huge problem concerning underdeveloped countries because majority of the time they are unable to meet those requirements". (Managing Water Scarcity) <span style="FONT-SIZE: 150%; COLOR: rgb(237,29,29)">

Example of countries that share water ("Informaction.org")

=<span style="FONT-SIZE: 100%; COLOR: rgb(237,29,29)">__**III. EFFECTS**__<span style="FONT-SIZE: 70%; COLOR: rgb(8,7,7)"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 70%; COLOR: rgb(8,7,7)"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 70%; COLOR: rgb(8,7,7)">          = ==<span style="FONT-SIZE: 100%; COLOR: rgb(237,29,29)"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 70%; COLOR: rgb(8,7,7)"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 70%; COLOR: rgb(8,7,7)"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 70%; COLOR: rgb(8,7,7)">          ==

A. Environmental
The increasing demand for fresh water is causing devistating enviornmental stress. About 60 percent of the world's largest rivers have been interrupted dams. Twenty-four percent of the mammals and 12 percent of the birds that are associated with inland waters are threatened. Of the 10 percent of fresh water fish that have been studied, a third are threatened by the water scarcity epidemic as well. (McCarthy) The growth of aquatice plants and algae can be over stimulated by the extra nutrients recieved from the run-off of polluted water. (Jeantheau) For example, nitrogen entering the Chesapeake Bay (Virginia) creates "dead zones", which kill mass amounts of fish and shellfish. (Causes of Water Pollution) "According to the International Irrigation Management Institute (IIMI), it is estimated that India is using its underground water reserves at least twice as fast as they are being replenished. When the reserves run out, India's grain harvest could fall by as much as a quarter." (Alex Kirby)

[|Could Drinking Water Shortage Lead to Ecological Crisis?]

("Earthshots")

B. Political
"According to the WWAP, the Danube River Basin in Europe covers parts or all of 18 states comprising Albania, Austria, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Switzerland and Ukraine. There are marked differences between these countries in terms of economy, sociology and topography that make managing water a complicated matter." (Medina)

"By 1967, when Israel occupied Gaza, the sustainable yield of the aquifer was being fully utilized. Since then, as the population has grown, so too has the demand for fresh water. No serious attempt was made at exercising any water management strategy in the Gaza Strip during the Israeli administration, with the number of registered wells increasing from 1200 in 1967 to 2100 in 1993." (Gray)

"More than a dozen nations receive most of their water from rivers that cross borders of neighboring countries viewed as hostile. These include Botswana, Bulgaria, Cambodia, the Congo, Gambia, the Sudan, and Syria, all of whom receive 75 percent or more of their fresh water from the river flow of often hostile upstream neighbors." (Global water shortage 2)

C. Economic
With the population booming everywhere, groundwater is being used more quickly than it can be produced, thus creating a higher demand for fresh water. Because the majority of the world's freshwater is used for farming, "if the world is facing a water shortage, it is also facing a food shortage." (Brown) People are wlling to pay anything for food and water, allowing producers to drive up prices even further. With water still unavailable, the cycle repeats itself, with nearly no recuperation time for the water sources.

"As the per capita use increases due to changes in lifestyle and as population increases as well, the proportion of water for human use is increasing. This, coupled with spatial and temporal variations in water availability, means that the water to produce food for human consumption, industrial processes and all the other uses is becoming scarce. " (Water Crisis) Big businesses have zeroed in on the privitization of fresh water. "Water is a product to be bought and sold to the highest bidder." (Kane) There is money to be made in the mass production and sale of a need, and this need in increasingly great. On top of all this, many are unable to pay for the water provided by these companies. Products such as the Lifestraw are targeted towards those who are impoverished or unable to access safe water; "Lifestraw Family can provide, on average, at least 10 liters of purified water an hour and more than 10,000 liters over the product’s lifecycle; that adds up to enough to provide a typical family with 1.5 years worth of clean and safe water." (Dunn) The market on lifestraws and other such technology will subsequently increase.

=<span style="COLOR: rgb(213,21,21)"> __**IV. FUTURE**__ = =<span style="COLOR: rgb(213,21,21)"> = If no one improves or finds solutions to the water crisis, the crisis is only going to become worse. Seventy-five percent of the world’s population could face fresh water scarcity as early as 2025 (Crisis). According to __Reader's Digest__, "a 2003 federal report found that officials in 36 states expect local or statewide water shortages in the next decade" (Vetter). The U.N reports that within 50 years, half the worlds population will be living with water shortage, depleted fisheries and polluted coastlines. ( U.N Report) Earlier than that in only five or ten years many ground supplies in India will be gone causing millions of Indians to have their farmland become desert (The Water Shortage). With a growing world population, "by 2020 we will need 17% more water than is available if we are to feed the world, according to the world water council and the average world water supply per each person is predicted to be a third smaller than it is now" (Kirby, “Dawn"). If a solution does not arise to the water crisis, locally feuds will arise. The debate of those feuds is simply where to get water from.

=**<span style="COLOR: rgb(250,5,5)"> __V. SOLUTIONS__ **= <span style="COLOR: rgb(244,16,16)">
 * What actions are being taken around the world?**
 * Desalination, several processes that remove excess salt and other minerals from water in order to be converted to fresh water suitable for irrigation, or, if almost all of the salt is removed, for human consumption, is a technological solution that would provide supplies of additional water resources. (“Global Water Shortage Looms in New Century”)
 * According to the Orange County Water District, Fountain Valley, CA turned on the world’s largest plant devoted to purifying sewer water to increase drinking water supplies. (“Flushing Away Water Shortage Problems”).
 * In England, low-energy, carbon-neutral developments are being built out of recycled materials, they are know as eco-towns. Free public transportation to eco-town residents, and terminals in each home, are some ideas that are being explored in order to help the environment overall.("Eco-towns").
 * Tuscon, Arizona's  Fifty-year Water Plan suggests that icebergs are a possible solution to the West’s natural scarcity of water. Wrapping them in plastic and tugging them to the mainland is a proposed method. Colorado state’s water experts say that cloud seeding, or encouraging rain by dropping tiny particles into clouds is a definite way to increase the water supply. (“Water Solvable”).


 * Ways that we, as global citizens, can help:**
 * <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">Restricting outdoor water shortage, advocating more efficient use of indoor water, requiring water-dependent businesses to use recycled water, and advancing the use of drought resistant plants and trees in landscaping, are all techniques that can be used to reduce water usage. (“Tapping into Water Shortage Solutions”).

<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">**Simple Water-Saving Devices** · The Ecoplay system takes water from the bath, shower or sink and recycles it to flush the toilet, saving waste. · Shower Timers are very simple devices to help people spend less time in the shower, saving water and energy. ( “What Is The Key” ).

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">**Water and environment experts want a global “Blue Revolution”, similar to the Green Revolution. The goal is to conserve and manage freshwater supplies.**

http://www.globalsolutions.org/multimedia/games
 * C**LICK HERE to play eco-friendly games!!

media type="custom" key="697697" ("Calculate Your Water Footprint")

=<span style="FONT-SIZE: 100%; COLOR: rgb(237,29,29)">**__WORKS CITED__** =
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> [there are too many for me to fix alone. PLEASE go back and double check your links] <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)">   **

<span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> <span style="COLOR: rgb(250,5,5)">  Abrams, Len. "Water Scarcity". Water Policy International Ltd. April 27th, 2008. < [|http://www.africanwater.org/drought_water_scarcity.htm__] __>.__ <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> <span style="COLOR: rgb(250,5,5)">  “Beating the Water Crisis.” //OurPlanet.com//. October 1996 < [|http://www.ourplanet.com/imgversn/83/serag.html>.] [NEED DATE ACCESSED. thanks.] <span style="COLOR: rgb(250,5,5)"> Brown, Lester R. "Water Deficits Growing In Many Countries." Great Lakes Directory. 9 Aug 2002. 27 May 2008. <http://www.greatlakesdirectory.org/zarticles/080902_water_shortages.htm> <span style="COLOR: rgb(250,5,5)">  "Calculate Your Water Footprint." __Youtube.Com__. 16 Apr. 2008. 24 Apr. 2008 <http://video.search.yahoo.com/video/play?p=water+footprint&n=21&ei=utf-8&js=1&fr=yfp-t-501-s&tnr=20&vid=2380051>.

<span style="COLOR: rgb(250,5,5)"> “Causes of Water Pollution”. 2005. 22 April 2008. < [|http://www.laundry-alternative.com/causes_of_water_pollution.htm >. <span] style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">

<span style="COLOR: rgb(250,5,5)">  "Could Drinking Water Shortage Lead to Ecological Crisis" 13 March 2008. //youtube//. 27 April 2008. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EMRyBVdhZ7s>.

<span style="COLOR: rgb(250,5,5)">  Cui, Carolyn and Ann Davis. "Water's Slippery Seduction." __The Wall Street Journal.__ 29-30 March 2008. B1-2

<span style="COLOR: rgb(250,5,5)"> Dunn, Colin. "Sponsor A Lifestraw Family Water Filter With Project H Design." Treehugger.com. 25 April 2008. 28 May 2008. <http://www.treehugger.com/files/2008/04/lifestraw-family-water-filter-sponsor-project-h.php>

<span style="COLOR: rgb(250,5,5)">  Earthshots: Satellite Images of Environmental Change." 1 May 2007. //USGS//. 23 April 2008 < [|http://earthshots.usgs.gov/LakeChad/LakeChad>.]

<span style="COLOR: rgb(250,5,5)">  ENN. “World Water Crisis Looms, U.N. Warns”. Cable News Network. 22 March 1999. 8 April 2008. < [|http://edition.cnn.com/NATURE/9903/22/water.enn/index.html >.] <span style="COLOR: rgb(250,5,5)">  “Environmental Problems”. 22 April 2008 < [|http://library.thinkquest.org/26026/Environmental_Problems/water_pollution_-_effects.html >.]

<span style="COLOR: rgb(250,5,5)">  "Ethanol 2020". //Emerging Markets Online.// 26 April 2008 < [|http://www.emerging-markets.com/ethanol2020/WorldEthanolProduction2.jpg >.]

<span style="COLOR: rgb(250,5,5)">  "Freshwater Scarcity ". Flick Off. April 27th,2008. < [|http://www.flickoff.org/system/files/u8/water_0.jpg >.]

<span style="COLOR: rgb(250,5,5)">  “Flushing Away Water Shortage Problems”. 28 November 2007. //Reed Business Information//. 7 April 2008 < [|http://www.csemag.com/article/CA6505987.html >.]

<span style="COLOR: rgb(250,5,5)">  Gray, Alice. "Water Crisis in Gaza." __International View Point__. Feb. 2007. 29 Apr. 2008 <http://www.internationalviewpoint.org/spip.php?article1211>.

<span style="COLOR: rgb(250,5,5)">  “Global Water Shortage Looms In New Century”. 2003-2008. T//he University of Arizona//. 7 April 2008 < [|http://ag.arizona.edu/AZWATER/awr/dec99/Feature2.htm >.]

<span style="COLOR: rgb(250,5,5)"> 2."Global Water Shortage Looms in New Century." __Ag.Arizona.Edu__. Arizona Education. 29 Apr. 2008 <[|http://ag.arizona.edu/AZWATER/awr/dec99/Feature2.htm>.]

<span style="COLOR: rgb(250,5,5)">  Jeantheau, Mark. “Water Pollution Causes.” 2005. 22 April 2008. < [|http://www.grinningplanet.com/2005/09-06/water-pollution-causes-article.htm <span] style="COLOR: windowtext">[|>].

<span style="COLOR: rgb(250,5,5)"> Kane, Michael. "Beyond Peak Oil." From The Wilderness Publications. 2004. 23 May 2008. <http://www.fromthewilderness.com/free/ww3/091704_beyond_peak.shtml>

<span style="COLOR: rgb(250,5,5)">  Kirby, Alex. “Dawn of a Thirsty Century.” 8 April 2008. < [|http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/755497.stm>.]

<span style="COLOR: rgb(250,5,5)">  Kirby, Alex. “UN Warns of Future Water Crisis." 8 April 2008. < [|http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/2820831.stm>.]

<span style="COLOR: rgb(250,5,5)">  Kuylenstierna, Johan, ed. "Challenhes of Water Scarcity." __UNEP__. Stockholm International Water Institute. 27 Apr. 2008. [|<http://www.siwi.org/documents/Resources/Reports/Challenges_water_scarcity_business_case_study_2005.pdf] >.

<span style="COLOR: rgb(250,5,5)">  "Lenntech-Droughts and Water Shortage."Lenntech-Water Purification and Air Treatment. 2008. //Lenntech.11// April 2008 < [|http://www.lenntech.com/water-pollution-FAQ.htm>.</span]>

McCarthy, Michael. "Water Scarcity Could Affect Billions: Is This the Biggest Crisis of All?". 5 March 2003. //Newscenter.// 5 May 2008. <[|http://www.commondreams.org/headlines03/0305-05.htm>.]

<span style="COLOR: rgb(250,5,5)">  Markman, Jon. “Invest in the Coming Global Water Shortage.” 12 January 2005.//MSN Money//. 8 April 2008 < [|http://moneycentral.msn.com/content/P102152.asp>.</span]>

<span style="COLOR: rgb(250,5,5)">  Medina, Miguel. "The Growing Global Water Crisis." __www.dukenews.duke.org__. 26 Nov. 2007. Duke University. 29 Apr. 2008 <[|http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/2007/11/globalwater.html>.]

<span style="COLOR: rgb(250,5,5)">  Minard, Anne and Mitch Tobin. “Water Solvable”. 21 June 2005. //Arizona Daily Star//. 9 April 2008 < [|http://www.azstarnet.com/sn/specialreports/80689.php>.]

<span style="COLOR: rgb(250,5,5)">  Mukherjee, Andy. "Biofuels Will Make China, India More Thirsty". 7 February 2007. //Bloomberg.com.// 26 April 2008. < [|http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601039&sid=afrug4mf4hai&refer=columnist_mukherjee____</span]>> < [|http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?>. <] [|http://whyfiles.org/131fresh_water/2.html] >.

<span style="COLOR: rgb(250,5,5)">  "Overview of Disease facts sheets." __World Water Day.__ 8 April 2008 <http://www.worldwaterday.org/wwday/2001/disease/index.html>

<span style="COLOR: rgb(250,5,5)">  Sharp, Rob. "A poisoned Paradise: Cambodia's water crisis." __Alternet.__ 28 March 2008. The Independent UK. 8 April 2008 <http://www.alternet.org/water/80520>

<span style="COLOR: rgb(250,5,5)">  "Study Says Biofuel Use by China and India Could Cause Water Shortages." 10 October 2007. //International Herald Tribune//. 16 April 2008 < [|http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/10/11/healthscience/AS-SCI-Asia-Biofuel-Tough-Choices.php>.</span]> "UN Report Warns: Water Crisis in the Future; EPA Assesses Solutions." __Findarticles.Com__. Feb. 2003. <[|http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb5265/is_200302/ai_n20438197>.]

<span style="COLOR: rgb(250,5,5)">  Vergano, Dan. “Water Shortages Will Leave World In Dire Straits.” //USA Today//. 23 Jan 2003. 7 April 2008. __<__ [|http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2003-01-26-water-usat_x.htm>.</span]> <http://edition.cnn.com/nature/9903/22/water.enn/index.html>"Earthshots: Satellite Images of Environmental Change." 1 May 2007. //USGS//. 23 April 2008

Vetter, Joseph. "Dry Times." __Reader's Digest__ May 2008: 120-31

<span style="COLOR: rgb(250,5,5)">  __Wade, Beth. “Tapping into Water Shortage Solutions”. 1 June 2000. Penton Media Inc.. 7 April 2008 < [|http://americancityandcounty.com/mag/government_tapping_water_shortage/>.] __ <span style="COLOR: rgb(250,5,5)"> "Water Scarcity."__The Water Page__.2002. //Water Policy International Ltd//. 11 April 2008 < [|http://www.africanwater.org/drought_water_scarcity.htm>.] <span style="COLOR: rgb(250,5,5)">  "Water Scarcity." __Daylife__. 20 Mar. 2007. Getty Images. 1 May 2008. < http://cache.daylife.com/imageserve/0fdx1Fkbzm9uA/610x.jpg >.

“The Water Shortage Crisis in America & the World: A Quick Overview of One of the Most Dangerous Crises Humankind Has Ever Faced.” Sixwise.com. 10 April 2008 < [|http://www.sixwise.com/newsletters/07/02/28/the_water_shortage_crisis_in_america__amp_the_world_a_quick_overview_of_a_most_dangerous_crisis.htm </span] > "Water Crisis." 10 January 2008.//World Water Council//. 23 April 2008 < [|http://worldwatercouncil.org/index.php?id=25>.</span]> Webster, Philip and Sam Coates. "Eco-towns: Sites on Shortlist Cynically Target our Voters, Tories Claim". 4 April 2008. //Times Online.// 24 April 2008 < [|http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article3679223.ece>.</span]> "What is the Key to Water Shortage". 14 April 2008. Sky News. 22 April 2008 <[|http://news.sky.com/skynews/article/0,,91221-1312773,00.html>.] Winpenny, J.T. "Managing Water Scarcity." 1996. //FAO//. 23 April 2008 < [|http://www.fao.org/AG/agl/AGLW/webpub/scarcity.htm>.] "Worldwide Water Shortage to Worsen." 7 January 1998. [|<http://www.imasar.com/elmosa/shortage.htm%3E.|http://www.imasar.com/elmosa/shortage.htm>.] <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 110%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 150%; COLOR: rgb(233,22,22)">media type="custom" key="699381" </[|http://worldwatercouncil.org/index.php]>.

"Water." 29 April 2008. [images/mideast-water1.jpg|www.informaction.org/ images/mideast-water1.jpg]