4A


 * SCHOOL VIOLENCE **

media type="youtube" key="U3-Gwj2rxZA&hl=en" height="355" width="425" (Moskal) toc

Introduction
The vast majority of American schools are safe places, and in many prospects it has become even a safer place. Having a school- violence free place is essential for young students to learn and developed healthy relationship. The overall rates of violence in schools have fallen, but the recent school shooting in Virginia Tech has been in the media which made most of the masses to think that school violence is on its high. But the fact is students are much less likely to come to harm at school than away from school. However, some schools do have serious crime and violence problems, and many students, teachers, and parents continue to have grave concerns about safety in schools. To address these concerns, Federal agencies are working together to address the problem of violence in schools.  ("School Violence")

 **FACT** : 950,000 students across the United States bring weapons to school every month. **FACT** : Schools now report over a quarter of a million students per month are being physically attacked during the school day.
 * FACT**   : 160,000 kids miss school everyday due to bullying and school violence.
 * FACT:** Surveys show that 77% of all students are Bullied mentally, verbally, and physically.

**FACT:** In 2003 5,570 people (ages 10 to 24) were killed and 82%of those who were killed were killed with firearms. (Youth Violence)
 * FACT:** Males are more likely get into a fight than females. (Youth Violence)

Why Are We Concerned?
We are concerned mainly because, we're trying to stop violence around this world. No parent wants to see there kid get into a fight. Also they should'nt be fighting in school. Did you know that Middle school students are more than twice as likely as high school students to be affected by school violence. We also are concerned because, of the past current tragedies with Virginia Tech and Columbine. That makes us even more concerned.
 * [[image:http://www.crf-usa.org/network/network13_1/TalkPoint2.jpg width="175" height="235" caption="("Research")" link="http://sowkweb.usc.edu/newsletter/archive/200603/index.html%3E."]] ||
 * ("Research") ||

Causes

 * Access to weapons
 * Media Violence
 * gangs
 * Cyber Abuse
 * Impact of School
 * Community
 * Family Environment
 * Personal Alienation
 * Drug Abuse
 * Verbal Abuse


 * (“Research”) ||

Effects
** //What are the effects on the children in school?// ** "Fear of violence".< [|www.crr.unsw.edu.au]>

Ø Kids are getting depressed and angry about all of the school violence. Ø Students stop paying attention in school. Ø Students carry guns because they are scared and they want to protect themselves. **
 * Ø Students stay home out of fear of violence.

Effects on Parents Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), this study utilized an ecological approach to investigate the joint contribution of ** parents ** and schools ** on ** changes in violent behavior over time among a sample of 6,397 students (54% female) from 125 schools. This study examined the main and interactive ** effects ** of ** parent ** and school connectedness as buffers of violent behavior within a hierarchical linear model, focusing ** on ** both students and schools as the unit of analysis. Results show that students who feel more connected to their schools demonstrate reductions in violent behavior over time. ** On ** the school level, our findings suggest that school climate serves as a protective factor for student violent behavior. Finally, ** parent ** and school connectedness appear to work together to buffer adolescents from the ** effects ** of violence exposure ** on ** subsequent violent behavior

**Solution**

 * A study, which compared varying approaches to discipline and safety issues in the nation's schools, found that schools where student problem solving was incorporated into the curriculum had the most success in reducing violence.
 * Create an equal partnership of students, school authorities and law enforcement to identify causes of conflict.
 * This same study emphasized that traditional solutions like installing metal detectors or beefing up school security are not effective if implemented without other programs that directly involve students.
 * If students see adults accepting violence as a good solution to a problem, then they will emulate that violence. The influence from adults can come from the home, the media, churches, schools and any other place where the child spends time
 * Some schools have started first-offender and rehabilitation programs for students who have been implicated in or suspended for violent assaults at school. These programs offer tutoring and conflict mediation training for the offender and his or her parents. In addition, students and parents may be asked to sign a contract to participate in joint counseling with school staff once the suspended student returns to school. ("Challenge").
 * http://www.mediate.com/articles/school.cfm

Germany is coming to the realization that school violence is not just a US phenomenon. In a country accustomed to low crime rates and prohibitive gun laws, Friday's murderous spree at Gutenberg High School in the small city of Erfurt, in eastern Germany, raises the shocking specter of the 1999 shootings at Columbine High School in Colorado, in which 15 people died. Politicians are clamoring for tightened gun laws and point accusatory fingers at "the media" and video games as promoting a culture of violence. (“Grieving Germany”)

In a television broadcast Sunday, Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi led the call for changes in the nation's penal code, stressing it was necessary to "correct any deficiencies in the law. Some local schools have implemented such measures as locking school doors or requiring visitors to check in and wear a name tag while on school grounds. It is too early to tell what changes will last at the school level. Hiring security guards to patrol schools and restricting access to school facilities have been suggested. But, points out Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology official Yoshio Toda, with the budget necessary for large, nationwide measures, the ministry "must first evaluate if they are necessary and possible." (“School Killings”)

New schools are designed with a view to reducing the number of places where someone might hide or act in a delinquent manner. Punitive solutions such as detention, suspension, and expulsion are also used by school administrators. Depending on the degree and frequency of a child's negative behavior, he or she may be forced to attend an alternative school. There, children may receive greater individual attention as well as be subjected to stricter security measures.

What Are Schools Doing To Improve Safety?
Faced with intense public pressure, school administrators are taking action and implementing programs designed to curb school violence. These programs include: > punishing those who perpetrate violence
 * Physical surveillance, including weapons deterrence and the presence of security guards or officers on campus
 * School policies designed to prevent violence by
 * Instruction-based programs designed to address the precursors of violence, including bullying
 * Profiling of potentially violent individuals
 * Counseling at-risk students
 * Conflict mediation and resolution (“Fears and Prevention”)

Teachers and parents aren’t well trained to learn how to handle bullying very well. They can’t really tell when a student or child is being bullied. Mainly because the child is being threatened not to tell anyone, because they’ll get even more bullied. Or the child is embarrassed to tell anyone. Therefore, we need to train students and parents on how to handle bullying, and the signs of bullying. Parents should talk to their kids about bullying alone in their home. (“Stopping”) According to cdc.com these are some things you can do to prevent your child from being violent are: Encourage them to discuss their problems with someone Encourage them to be involved social activities Be involved in your child’s life Another thing that can be done is for communities to set up violence prevention programs. Violence prevention programs helped reduce bulling up to 50%. (Solution) ** HERE ARE SOME MORE LISTS TO PREVENT SCHOOL VIOLENCE THAT ARE EVEN MORE EFFECTIVE THAN TIGHTER SECURITY: ** [|(“Ideas”)] -Alyssalyn Edwards [|(“School”)] - Cathleen Henning Fenton According to Jeanne Gibbs, “ Security officers, metal detectors and surveillance hardware are not preventative in any way to stop the causes that lead to adolescent violence, anger and despair. They are last ditch control methods that possibly may sometimes stop the angry lost few bent on destroying the school society in which they never found themselves or support from peers and teachers” [|(“Preventing”)] // "We can nurture good children, now - and for a better future, we must." //  [|-Ron Taffel]
 * Parents should encourage their children to open up and share concerns.
 * Parents should know what is on their children’s rooms and their journals.
 * Teach students and children to report it to the proper adult if threats of violence or suicide are mentioned by other kids or classmates.
 * Monitor student and child usage of television and violent video games.
 * Providing extra counseling to all students, teachers and staff.
 * Addressing the student body as a whole about available resources.
 * Addressing classrooms and giving students a chance to talk and ask questions.
 * Communicating with parents, perhaps by inviting them to a school meeting, about recognizing trauma and communicating with their children
 * Understanding that traumatic stress symptoms may begin long after an incident.

Bullying
Some of the ways people bully other people are by: calling them names, saying or writing nasty things about them, leaving them out of activities, not talking to them, threatening them, making them feel uncomfortable or scared, taking or damaging their things, hitting or kicking them, or making them do things they don't want to do.("what's bullying?")
 * Is when a person is picked on over and over again by an individual or group with more power**.

They may see it as a way of being popular, or making themselves look tough and in charge.  Some people bully to get attention or things, or to make other people afraid of them. Others might be jealous of the person they are bullying. They may be being bullied themselves.  Some bullies may not even understand how wrong their behavior is and how it makes the person being bullied feel.("what's bullying?")
 * Why do some people bully? **<span style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,51)">
 * There are a lot of reasons why some people bully.** <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,51)">

__**Facts About Bullying:**__ ("School Bullying")
 * About 30% of teens in the United States are involved in bullying (either a bully or the victim)
 * Younger teens are more likly to be involved in bullying than older teens.

("School Bullying")
 * __How Does Bullying Affect the Victims?__**
 * Victims can feel anxious or fearful.
 * They can loose concentration at school.
 * It may hurt their self esteem and may cause them to feel depressed, isolated, or insecure.
 * Can lead to suicide.
 * Some victims may seek violent revenge.


 * //__What can you do if your in a situation like this?__//**
 * Tell someone
 * Talk about it
 * Avoid being alone
 * Hold in Your anger
 * Ignore bully and walk away
 * Practice confidence
 * Take charge of your life
 * Find TRUE friends

= =
 * **//Bullying//** **//is the act of intentionally causing harm to others, through verbal <span style="BACKGROUND: yellow 0% 50%; moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">[|harassment], physical <span style="BACKGROUND: yellow 0% 50%; moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">[|assault], or other more subtle methods of <span style="BACKGROUND: yellow 0% 50%; moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">[|coercion] such as <span style="BACKGROUND: yellow 0% 50%; moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">[|manipulation]. //**
 * **//Bullying is a stressful thing, and can cause people to not come to school and more.//**
 * **//Bullying is the most common thing at schools so far,//**
 * **//People get harass like everyday//**
 * **//When people get harass they do things they don’t normally do they use the bathroom on they self, loose focus on what they doing and etc.//**
 * **//I think people that are bullies don’t mean to do the things they do.//**
 * **//I think they do it because they are stress at home and more.//**
 * //<span style="BACKGROUND: yellow 0% 50%; moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial"> www.google/kidsthatbully/.com //**

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: rgb(255,102,0)"> v **  Because when they fight students can’t concentrate on there work. ** v **  They can’t function right. ** v **  Some students are afraid to going to school  ** v **  Some kids got influence by the violence. ** v **  Some students just drop out or take their frustrated out on family members. ** http://www.cbc.ca/national/news/bully/index.html Questions to ask:
 * <span style="BACKGROUND: yellow 0% 50%; COLOR: black; moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial">http:/law.jrank.org/pages/12101/School-Violence-Effects-Violence.html  **
 * A bully is someone who is mean and attacks other people with words or actions. They use teasing, threats, or strength to pick on, frighten, or hurt someone or take what they want. **
 * Useful questions to ask bullies: **
 * What did you do?
 * Why was that a bad thing to do?
 * Who did you hurt?
 * What were you trying to accomplish?
 * Next time you have that goal, how will you meet it without hurting anybody?


 * Gangs provide other attractive opportunities such as the chance for excitement by selling drugs and making money.
 * Gang membership can enhance prestige or status among friends, especially girls (for boys) and provide opportunities to be with them.
 * For some youth, gangs provide a way of solving social adjustment problems, particularly the trials and tribulations of adolescence.
 * A few are virtually born into gangs as a result of neighborhood traditions and their parents' earlier (and perhaps continuing) gang participation or involvement in criminal activity.
 * A search for love, structure, and discipline
 * A sense of belonging and commitment
 * The need for recognition and power
 * A sense of self-worth and status
 * A place of acceptance

**What can we do to prevent these things from happening?**

 * Well-developed social and interpersonal skills
 * High sense of self-esteem, self-efficacy, and personal responsibility
 * Reflectivity, rather than impulsive thought and behavior
 * Internal locus of control (i.e., the belief of being able to influence environment in a positive manner)
 * Flexible coping strategies, well-developed problem-solving skills and intellectual abilities
 * // The family and the community //
 * // Strong education and training //.
 * // Graffiti removal //
 * // Conflict resolution programs //
 * // Recreational programs //

= Works Cited =
 * 1) <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> “The Challenge of School Violence.” __ Constitutional Rights Foundation Weblesson. __ 16 April 2008. < [|http://www.crf-usa.org/violence/school.html]>.
 * 2) <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> “Research Suggest New Ways to Diminish School Violence” __NewsBytes__ .March 2006.16 April 16 2008.< [|http://sowkweb.usc.edu/newsletter/archive/200603/index.html>.]
 * 3) <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif">  <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'">“Grieving Germany Asks: Why? <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'">A Fatal School Shooting Spree Friday Prompts Calls for Tighter Controls on Guns and Video Games.” <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'"> Christian Science Monitor By Lucian Kim April 30, 2002, n.p< [|http://sks.sirs.com/cgi-bin/hst-article-display?id=SVC00087-0-8607&artno=0000152826&type=ART&shfilter=U&key=&title=Grieving%20Germany%20Asks%3A%20Why%3F&res=Y&ren=Y&gov=Y&lnk=N&ic=Y    <span] style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif">    >
 * 4) <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif">  “School Violence Facts” < [|http://www.stoppingschoolviolence.com />  </span]>
 * 5) <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif">   <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif">  **<span style="COLOR: rgb(5,5,5)"> “School Killings Shake Japan’s Sense of Safety” Christian Science Monitor Sara Harris June 12, 2001, n.p. <[|http://sks.sirs.com/cgi-bin/hst-article-display?id=SVC00087-0-8607&artno=0000137025&type=ART&shfilter=U&key=&title=School%20Killings%20Shake%20Japan%27s%20Sense%20of%20Safety&res=Y&ren=Y&gov=Y&lnk=N&ic=Y><span] style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">**
 * 6) <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif">   <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif">    <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif">  <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'"><span style="COLOR: rgb(11,10,10)">"School Violence." Richards, George E. //Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia//. 2008. Grolier Online. 23 Apr. 2008 **< [|http://gme.grolier.com/cgi-bin/article?assetid=0259685-0 >.] **
 * 7) <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> “Stopping School Violence: There Are Solutions." __Released By: USA News PR Network__ Wednesday, May 02, 2007 10:57:58 PM. <
 * 8) <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif">   [|**http://www.usanews.net/_archive2007/0000000c.htm**]>
 * 9) <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif">//Juvonen, Jaana// “School Violence Prevalence, Fears, and Prevention.” __Issue Paper Rand Education.__ 2001. [|http://rand.org/pubs/issue_papers/IP219/index2.html.]
 * 10) <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif">“Youth Violence: Fact Sheet.” Centers for Disease and Control Prevention. 19 April 2007. 31 March 2008. [|http://cdc.gov/ncipc/factsheets/yvfacts.htm.</span]>
 * 11) <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif">“Solution to School Violence" and Bullying. 14 April 2007. [|http://attorneygeneral.delaware.gov/schools/bully.shtml.</span]>
 * 12) <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif">"Fear of violence":image.google.com. 16 April 2008.< [|www.crr.unsw.edu.au]>
 * 13) <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif">“School Violence.” __National Y__ __outh Violence Prevention Resources Center__ __(NYVPRC).__ 26 February 2008. 6 April 2008. < <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif">[|http://www.safeyouth.org/scripts/facts/school.asp#intro>.]
 * 14) <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif">"what's bullying?" __4kids.__ 30 April 2008.<      [|http://www.police.govt.nz/service/yes/nobully/whats_bullying.html</span <span] style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY:"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif">
 * 15) <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif">**[|www.focusas.com/Gangs.html]**
 * 16) <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif">**Why do Youth Join Gangs? August 1998.< [|www.ojjdp.ncjrs.gov/][|__jjbulletin/9808/why.html_]**
 * 17) <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif">Moskal, Christina. "School Violence." __Youtube.com__ . 24 January 2007. 21 April 2008.<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U3-Gwj2rxZA>.      <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif">
 * 18) <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Edwards, Alyssalyn. "Ideas on How to Prevent School Shootings." __Associated Content__. 30 Apr 2007. 14 Apr 2008 http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/221484/ideas_on_how_to_prevent_school_shootings.html?page=2.
 * 19) <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Fenton, Cathleen Henning . "School Violence and Youth TraumaIdeas on How to Prevent School Shootings." __About.com__. 4 Oct 2006. 14 Apr 2008 [|http://panicdisorder.about.com/cs/ptsdyouth/a/schoolviolence_3.htm.           </span]>
 * 20) <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">            <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Gibbs, Jeanne. "Preventing the Underlying Causes of School Violence." 1. 16 Apr 2008 [|http://www.tribes.com/abstract_preventing_violence.htm.</span]>
 * 21) <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Taffel, Ronald. __Nurturing Good Children Now__. New York, N.Y.: Golden Books.1999. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif">
 * 22) <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> "School Bullyinh and Teen Bullying Statistics." Family First Aid. 8 May 2008. <http://familyfirstaid.org/bullying. html>.

23. __Kathryn A. Brookmeyer, Kostas A. Fanti, Christopher C. Henrich. (2006). Schools, Parents, and Youth Violence: A Multilevel, Ecological__ __Analysis. //Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology,// //35//(4), 504-514. Retrieved April 23, 2008, from Platinum Periodicals database__. (Document ID: 1139115821).